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ROM example for the interactive book

An 8-bit CPU with an instruction set that includes the analytic integration and differentiation of polynomial expressions.

This version of the decoder 4 bits to 7 segments is built with ROM, within which I wrote the codes 0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x7C, 0x39, 0x5E, 0x79 and 0x71. This device shows all 16 hexadecimal symbols on the common-cathode LED display, corresponding to the 4 bit binary input.

A 7 Segment Decoder with ROM to check the decoder check the text file here 

Seven Segment Display Truth Table.txt

Seven  Segment Truth Table - if you want o add a decimal point, add an 8 to the Tens Digit - If you are using a Common Anode Display not Cathode, use the Binary Inverter or the Hex Inverter Datasheet to invert the Hex or Binary values

Actually, the "7 Segment Out" group is an binary output while the Hex out is the Hexadecimal because Hex is short for Hexadecimal

Anyway, Hexadecimal Values go from 0 - F while Decimal is 0-9 (since hex is diffeent then dec the letters A-F are actually 10-15

4-bit In  7 Segment Out

D C B A   DP A B C D E F G  Hex out  Display

0 0 0 0   0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0  0x7E (7E)  0

0 0 0 1   0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0  0x30 (30)  1

0 0 1 0   0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1  0x6D (6D)  2

0 0 1 1   0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1  0x79 (79)  3

0 1 0 0   0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1  0x33 (33)  4

0 1 0 1   0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1  0x5B (5B)  5

0 1 1 0   0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1  0x5F (5F)  6

0 1 1 1   0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0  0x72 (72)  7

1 0 0 0   0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  0x7F (7F)  8

1 0 0 1   0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1  0x7B (7B)  9

1 0 1 0   0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1  0x77 (77)  A

1 0 1 1   0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1  0x1F (1F)  B

1 1 0 0   0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0  0x4E (4E)  C

1 1 0 1   0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1  0x3D (3D)  D

1 1 1 0   0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1  0x4F (4F)  E

1 1 1 1   0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1  0x47 (47)  F

Invert the hex or binary value for a Common Anode Display - to invert a Binary Value, use a NPN or PNP Transistor (BJT) - to invert a Hexadecimal value use the Hex Inverter 74HC04 and check this pinout 

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 

Binary Invert

In Out

0 > 1

1 > 0

Hex Inverter

In Out

0 > F

1 > E

2 > D

3 > C

4 > B

5 > A

6 > 9

7 > 8

8 > 7

9 > 6

A > 5

B > 4

C > 3

D > 2

E > 1

F > 0

How to invert a value:

If your inverting a 4-bit Hex use 15-n1=n2

n1 is the number to input

n2 is the output

5-bit Hex - use 31 ↑

4-bit Hex - use 15 |

3-bit Hex - use 7  |

2-bit Hex - use 3  |

1-bit Hex - use 1  |

Tip: Double the numbers as the bits goes up and divide the numbers with the arrow besides them by 2 as the bits go down

Hex to decimal or Vice Versa

0-0

1-1

2-2

3-3

4-4

5-5

6-6

7-7

8-8

9-9

A-10

B-11

C-12

D-13

E-14

F-15

Binary to Hex

0000 - 0 

0001 - 1

0010 - 2

0011 - 3

0100 - 4

0101 - 5

0110 - 6

0111 - 7

The value depend on the bits(cuz bits=binary digits )

And so goes on

5bit - 00000 ↑

4 bit - 0000 |

3bit  - 000  |

2bit  - 00   |

1bit  - 0    |

Hello,

I have built a fully working converter that converts 16-bit binary code to BCD.

I wanted a mode with a small amount of gates instead of millions of cells connected in series to ROM. As a result, I designed the converter in a slightly different way, using only 5 ROM cells, one register, one shift register and, of course, since this is an algorithm where the operation is performed by cyclically changing one piece of data, we also need a control unit. This is only for clock control and a few minor details.

This conversion method is generally referred to as double-dabble, also known as shift-and-add-3. In fact, it is a large number of ROM cells, each cell handling a 4-bit or BCD code. It works by adding 3 to all numbers greater than or equal to 5, then shifting the entire range of bits to the left once. This cycle is repeated as many times as the length of the input bits, for example we have 8 bits and the cycle will be repeated eight times.

The main difference between my converter and the others is that mine is done by a clock that is constantly blinking, and drives the cyclical circulation of a piece of data continuously across exactly the same pair of cells. This method reduces the number of gates, but may be slightly slower and more complicated. While other circuits are mostly built with series connected ROM cells and this results in a simple circuit but a higher gate count compared to mine.

Below I have attached an image of one ROM cell that converts binary code to BCD. There is also a table that describes the behaviour of this cell perfectly.

For a better user experience, don't forget to read the instructions below.

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INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Reset your device before conversion!
    (RST = Reset button)
2. Enter the binary form of a number!
    (Input binary code)
3. Press the button to start the conversion!
    (BGN = Begin)
4. The clock must be on, it must blink 16 times!
    (CLK = Clock)
5. Read the BCD value!
    (Output BCD)

If you like my project, please give me a star (the button is on the bottom right), because it means a lot to me!

I hope you like the plan. I hope you enjoy the experience.

CpE-3302

Group - 5

Final Laboratory CAO

This is a 7-Segment Display using a ROM and a small 7 segment display decoder. Works with Hexadecimal too!