Aim - Study and verify the outputs of the logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR, and Ex-NOR).

Theory - 

AND Gate: A multi-input circuit in which the output is 1 only if all inputs are 1. A dot (.) is used to show the AND operation i.e. (A.B). 

OR gate: A multi-input circuit in which the output is 1 when any input is 1. A plus (+) is used to show the OR operation i.e. (A+B). 

NOT gate: The output is 0 when the input is 1, and the output is 1 when the input is 0. It is also known as an inverter.  If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as NOT A.  This is also shown as A', or A with a bar over the top, as shown at the outputs.

NAND gate: AND followed by an INVERTER. The output of a NAND gate is high if any of the inputs are low. It is also known as universal gate. 

NOR gate: OR followed by inverter. The outputs of a NOR gate is low if any of the inputs are high. It is also known as universal gate. 

Ex-OR gate: The output of the Exclusive-OR gate is 0 when its two inputs are the same and its output is 1 when its two inputs are different. X-OR gate is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd.

Ex-NOR gate: The output of the Exclusive-NOR gate, is 1 when its two inputs are the same and its output is 0 when its two inputs are different. X-NOR gate is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is even. An encircled dot sign is used to show the Ex-NOR operation.